tpp 2014

Conjugating delocalized lipophilic cations, such as triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), to compounds of interest is an effective approach for mitochondrial targeting. The hyperpolarized tumor cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential allow for selective accumulation of TPP + conjugates in tumor cell mitochondria versus those in normal The purpose of this review is to provide a critical overview of targeting approaches, plausible molecular mechanisms of action, biological effects, and therapeutic applications of triphenylphosphonium (TPP + )-based mitochondria-targeted compounds.It is known that TPP+, a lipophilic cation, diffuses passively across the membrane, depending on the membrane potential [19,20]. Such diffusion does not occur efficiently in Gram-negative bacteria, due to the presence of the outer mem- brane [21]. Disruption of the permeability barrier of the outer membrane stimulates the uptake of TPP+ [9,11]..

Mitochondrial targeting represents an attractive strategy for treating metabolic, degenerative and hyperproliferative diseases, since this organelle plays key roles in essential cellular functions. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moieties - the current "gold standard" - have been widely used as mitochondrial tarUptake of the lipophilic cation, tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP + ), which is often used as a membrane potential probe, was studied in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2 (PCC 7942) to determine if the technique was valid for these cells.In clusters randomised to receive TPP or TPP+, participation was voluntary for ethical reasons, and so eligible girls and boys in these clusters also were consenting TPP/TPP+ participants. To measure community norms, eligible adults in treatment and control arms were men and women 25 years or older, living in selected clusters, and with no .

Such is the case of the triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+), which has proven to be effective when directing mitochondria-targeted compounds and, depending on the length of the linker alkyl chain Redox Biol. 2014, 2, 206-210. [Google Scholar] [Green Version]Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1837: 2017-2030. Article CAS Google Scholar Petrovic N, Shabalina IG, Timmons JA, Cannon B, Nedergaard J .The kinetics for uptake by mitochondria of TPP+ and DDA+ (dibenzyldimethyl ammonium) were analyzed, and it was found that TPP+ permeated the mitochondrial membrane about 15 times faster than DDA+. The final amounts of accumulation of TPP+ and DDA+ by mitochondria were approximately equal..

MitoQ consists of a CoQ10 molecule covalently attached to a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) cation. 2014; 20:308-324. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4609. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 20. Naviaux R.K. Metabolic features and regulation of the healing cycle - a new model for chronic disease pathogenesis and treatment. Based on the higher mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m) of tumor cells than normal cells, a mitochondria-targeting strategy using delocalized lipophilic cations as carriers is a promising way to improve the antitumor effect of small molecules and to reduce toxicity. Triptolide (TP) has a strong antitumor effect but is limited in the clinic due to high systemic toxicity.PMID: 3993766 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1985.248.5.C399 The unidirectional influx of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) into isolated epithelial cells is a function of the membrane potential that exists across the cellular plasma membrane..

Methodology/principal findings: Conclusions/significance: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / metabolism* Mitochondria, Muscle / metabolism* Organophosphorus Compounds / pharmacology* Oxygen Consumption / drug effects* Rats, Wistar Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins Organophosphorus CompoundsIntroduction. The ability to deliver compounds selectively to the mitochondria is rapidly growing in importance due to the increasing relevance of this organelle in disease treatment. 1-4 Mitochondria-selective accumulation of compounds can be accomplished by some cationic moieties commonly known as delocalised lipophilic cations (DLCs), 5-8 and this ability is frequently attributed to Diagram illustrating the protective mechanisms of mito-AOX against the LPS-induced cell inflammatory response. Activation of TLR4 by LPS triggers MyD88- or TRIF-dependent signaling pathways, resulting in the translocation of nuclear transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, and IRF3 into the nucleus..

Mitomycin C (MMC) is a class of alkylating anticancer drug, which non-specifically interacts with nuclear DNA and cross-links guanine and cytosine of DNA, thereby affecting DNA replication and synthesis. However, toxic effects largely impeded MMC's clinical applications.An investigation of the yeast cell resealing process was performed by studying the absorption of the tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was shown that the.

Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium m …Platinum (II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are kinetically stable compounds usually suitable for post-functionalization, either by ligand exchange (Chardon, 2012, Chardon, 2013), ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (Chardon, 2011, Chardon, 2012), or oxime ligation (Dahm, 2015, Borré, 2016).However, the triphenylphosphonium moiety (TPP +), which is not The triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) moiety has been widely used to target molecules into mitochondria. TPP+ derivatives of a variety of conventional cytostatic drugs, natural substances, metformin, antioxidants or a range of newly synthesized molecules have shown promising results against cancer cells..

We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds.PMID: 29428024 Abstract Conditions of systemic stress can lead to increased reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan dysfunction. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) is a lipophilic cation used to target therapeutics to mitochondria.Triphenyl phosphate ( TPhP) is the chemical compound with the formula OP (OC 6 H 5) 3. It is the simplest aromatic organophosphate. This colourless solid is the ester (triester) of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is used as a plasticizer and a fire retardant in a wide variety of settings and products. [3].